Vznik spontánního řádu na darknetových tržištích

This master's thesis examines the economic mechanisms that enable the emergence and long-term sustainability of anonymous Dark Web Markets (DWMs) in an environment characterized by the absolute absence of formal law and state authority. Applying F. A. Hayek's theory of spontaneous order and concepts from game theory, the thesis explains how institutions that substitute central enforcement form endogenously within these markets. An empirical analysis of three generations of platforms (Silk Road, AlphaBay, and Hydra) provides the foundation for the core of the research, which utilizes Agent-Based Modeling (ABM). A computational model simulating the behavior of autonomous agents was developed in the NetLogo environment. The simulation results clearly demonstrate that information asymmetry and the threat of adverse selection can be effectively overcome through decentralized tools. The reputation system proves to be a fundamental prerequisite for maintaining cooperation. Together with sunk costs (vendor bonds) and escrow services, it creates a functional, self-regulating ecosystem. Furthermore, the model shows that despite temporary disruptions caused by law enforcement takedowns, these decentralized systems exhibit a high degree of institutional resilience. The conclusions of the thesis confirm that the mechanisms of spontaneous order are fully applicable to platforms in the legitimate digital economy.