Zachycení a vykázání kryptoměn v účetních výkazech

This thesis focuses on the accounting treatment of Bitcoin as a selected cryptocurrency under Czech accounting regulations, comparing it with the IFRS approach. Czech legislation does not define the concept of cryptocurrency, and current practice relies on a 2018 statement by the Ministry of Finance, which recommends reporting Bitcoin as inventory. The aim of the thesis is to assess to what extent this solution reflects the economic substance of the asset. The theoretical part analyzes the classification of cryptocurrencies under Czech regulations and under IFRS. The practical part applies these findings to transactions of an anonymized company and, using a model example from 2013–2016, compares the impact of both approaches on the profit or loss. The analysis showed that reporting Bitcoin as inventory does not faithfully represent the true value of the asset. The upcoming interpretation by the National Accounting Council, as well as published proposals for new accounting legislation, point toward valuing cryptocurrencies at fair value, similar to securities — an approach the thesis evaluates as more appropriate than current practice.