Analýza vybraných spořicích a investičních produktů v České republice z pohledu domácností a komparace se Slovenskou republikou v letech 2005 -2021

The diploma thesis analyses and compares the development of the structure of savings and investments of households in the Czech and Slovak Republic between 2005 and 2021. The theoretical part focuses on the definition of the financial market, the role of households in the economy, the characteristics of selected savings and investment products and also includes the area of new investment opportunities with emphasis on the market of cryptocurrencies and so-called non-fungible tokens. The practical part of the thesis presents the results of a comparative analysis of the development and current state of the distribution of the investment portfolio of Czech and Slovak households, including data of correlation analysis and characterizes the causes leading to the allocation of funds. It also presents a comparation of investment environments in both countries and compares selected financial products in terms of their characteristics, risk and return. The above analyses show a high degree of correlation in the development of deposits in banking products, mutual funds and equity investments due to the common externalities that have a similar effect on the economies of both countries. In the case of other products, different administrative and legislative factors dominate, causing a negative degree of correlation dependence. The analysis of investment decisions shows a high degree of conservative strategy of Czech and Slovak households, which, however, weakens slightly during the period under review. The comparation of selected financial products shows significantly different nominal return for most of the analysed products in connection with the different setting of interest rates by central banks and legislative adjustments of individual products during the period under review.