Charakteristika bankovních obchodních modelů v České republice v letech 2010–2024

This thesis analyses the evolution of banking model dynamics in the Czech Republic between 2010 and 2024 with special focus on ownership structure, composition of income, funding strategy, and the banking response to major economic shocks. Based on the Czech National Bank (ČNB) ARAD database, ČNB Financial Stability Reports, and the ECB Statistical Data Warehouse, the research documents long-term household deposits trends, total assets, credit allocation, and bank profitability. The research also focuses on the Covid-19 pandemic and how it affected precautionary savings, liquidity, and financial performance. The empirical part uses time-series regression models to assess whether the rise in household deposits which occurred due to the pandemic caused stronger stability in banks through increased profitability (ROA). Unit root testing (ADF and KPSS) confirms suitability for time-series analysis, and three models are estimated with respect to the entire period (2011–2024), pre-Covid period (2011–2019), and Covid/post-Covid period (2020–2024). Results indicate that a higher share of household deposits is a beneficial long-term driver of profitability, also providing evidence for theoretical expectations of retail finance and stability. However, the Covid-19 dummy variable is statistically insignificant and household deposit shares experienced only a marginal rise during the pandemic. Consequently, the expectation that Covid-19 dramatically improved household deposits and in turn enhanced ROA is also discarded. The thesis finds that resilience in the Czech banking industry is not the result of the pandemic-driven dynamics of deposit demand and supply but rather is primarily influenced by its traditional, retail-based model and its conservative regulation and strong liquidity and capital. The results provide insight into structural constraints that promote banking stability in small open economies.