Spotřeba kritických surovin a odolnost jejich dodavatelských řetězců v kontextu rozvoje elektromobility v EU

This master’s thesis examines the consumption of critical raw materials and the resilience of their supply chains in the context of the development of electromobility in the European Union. The aim of the thesis is to assess the degree of resilience of supply chains in this sector with regard to the security of key raw materials and, based on the findings, to propose measures aimed at increasing their stability and long-term sustainability. The theoretical part of the thesis addresses electromobility in the EU, defines the concept of critical raw materials, explains supply chains and their resilience, and outlines the main types of risks that may disrupt their continuity and functioning. The practical part focuses on an analysis of selected critical raw materials in the period 2020–2024. The assessment is carried out using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index as an indicator of mining concentration, the reserve depletion indicator, and the mining growth rate, which make it possible to evaluate both the degree of dependence on a limited number of producer countries and the potential long-term availability of the monitored raw materials. The results of the analysis show that individual raw materials exhibit differing levels of mining concentration as well as varying degrees of risk in terms of future supply and availability. For some of the monitored raw materials, a significant dependence on only a few producer countries was identified, which increases the vulnerability of supply chains. Based on these findings, the thesis concludes that strengthening the resilience of critical raw material supply chains can be achieved through the diversification of raw material sources, the development of recycling, support for new technologies in electromobility, and the expansion of strategic partnerships.