Analýza údajů o hospitalizaci a jejich příčinách v České republice

This bachelor’s thesis focuses on the analysis of the trends in hospitalizations in the Czech Republic over the period 1994–2024. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the trends, structure, and regional differences in hospitalizations, mortality, and surgeries using time series analysis, descriptive statistics, and cluster analysis. The study is based on data from the National Register of Hospitalized Patients (NRHOSP), Eurostat, and the Czech Statistical Office. The results show that the number of hospitalizations in the long term ranged approximately between 2.0 and 2.3 million cases per year, with very low dynamics until 2019, reflected in an average annual growth rate of 0.17%. A significant deviation occurred in 2020, when hospitalizations declined by 15.27% due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, the number of hospitalizations ending in death fluctuates without a clear trend, remaining roughly between 68 and 73 thousand cases annually, with a peak of 85,662 cases in 2021. The analysis further reveals a significant shift in the age structure. The median age of the population increased from 36 to 44 years, while the median age of hospitalized patients rose from 43 to 58 years, indicating a growing concentration of hospitalizations in older age groups. The structure of hospitalizations is long-term concentrated in several main diagnostic groups, with the five most common chapters accounting for approximately 50% of all hospitalizations and about 70% of all deaths. The regional analysis shows relatively similar trends across regions, although differences in the level of indicators persist. The results confirm that the development of hospitalizations is influenced by a combination of demographic changes, the organization of healthcare, and unpredictable events.