Srovnání efektivity veřejných výdajů na terciární vzdělávání v České republice a Norsku k roku 2023

This bachelor thesis focuses on a comparative analysis of the efficiency of public expenditure on tertiary education in the Czech Republic and Norway in 2023. The objective of the research is to evaluate how different funding models and institutional frameworks influence labour market outcomes and the level of human capital. The theoretical part of the thesis situates the issue within human capital theory and defines methodological approaches to measuring efficiency in the public sector. The practical part then compares financial inputs, represented by the share of expenditure on GDP and expenditure per student, with outcome indicators such as the employment rate of graduates, the wage premium, and the share of the tertiary-educated population. The analysis uses harmonised data from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and Eurostat databases. The findings indicate that although Norway invests approximately twice as much per student in the tertiary sector and achieves a significantly higher share of tertiary educated individuals in the population, both systems generate a nearly identical graduate employment rate. The main contribution of the thesis lies in identifying the relatively higher cost-efficiency of the Czech system, which achieves comparable external relevance of education with more limited resources. The research also reveals substantial differences in wage incentives, where the higher wage premium in the Czech Republic contrasts with Norwegian wage compression. The thesis concludes that the Norwegian system is not more efficient in cost-efficiency terms, but it is more successful in achieving social objectives and ensuring broad access to education, while Czech efficiency is primarily driven by strong labour market demand.