Genderová mzdová mezera ve finančním sektoru v České republice: determinanty a vývoj v letech 2014–2024

This bachelor’s thesis analyses the development and structure of the Gender Pay Gap in the Czech Republic between 2014 and 2024. The main objective of the thesis is to identify the key determinants of wage inequality and to compare nationwide trends with the specific characteristics of the financial sector, specifically sector K – Finance and Insurance according to the CZ–NACE classification. The theoretical section defines the legislative framework and key concepts such as horizontal and vertical segregation, the motherhood penalty or the glass ceiling and evaluates previous domestic and international studies. The practical part utilizes descriptive statistics and regression analysis based on aggregated data from the Czech Statistical Office and the Average Earnings Information System provided by Trexima. Econometric testing using wage equation models confirms that gender, education and age are statistically significant determinants influencing wage levels. The results show that the influence of gender on wage levels remains significant even after controlling for educational attainment and age. Through interaction terms, it was found that the return on education is significantly higher for men than for women, a phenomenon most pronounced in the financial sector among individuals with a university education. The analysis also identifies a critical turning point in women’s wage trajectories during the period of starting a family and highlights the importance of new European legislation on pay transparency for future reductions in the wage gap.