Fenomén migrace a ekonomické souvislosti v České republice v letech 2015 až 2025

This diploma thesis analyses the phenomenon of migration and its economic implications in the Czech Republic in the period 2015–2025. It focuses primarily on the effects of migration on the labor market, public finances, crime, and public attitudes, while linking theoretical approaches to migration with an empirical analysis of the Czech institutional and economic environment. The thesis is based on a secondary analysis of statistical data from Czech and European institutions, academic literature, and relevant legal and strategic documents. The findings show that migration in the Czech Republic during the observed period represents a structurally significant phenomenon whose character changed substantially, especially after 2022. From an economic perspective, the analysis confirms that migration contributes to labor supply, partly alleviates demographic pressures, and plays an important role in selected segments of the labor market. At the same time, it places increased demands on the state’s integration capacity and on selected public services. The fiscal effects of migration do not appear to be unambiguously negative or unambiguously positive; their interpretation depends on migrants’ legal status, their level of economic activity, the time horizon of evaluation, and the quality of integration policies. In the area of crime, the thesis shows that the available data do not support simplified conclusions about a direct relationship between rising migration and rising crime. An important finding is also that public debate on migration is often considerably sharper than the empirically demonstrable economic effects. The contribution of the thesis lies in the synthesis of theoretical and empirical knowledge on migration in the Czech context and in its placement within the current framework of economic and social policy. At the same time, the thesis demonstrates that the quality of institutional settings and integration policy significantly influences whether the economic effects of migration for the host country are more likely to be stabilizing or conflict-generating.