Komparativní analýza důchodových systémů v České republice a Dánsku v roce 2025

This Master's thesis presents a comparative analysis of the pension systems in the Czech Republic and Denmark as of 2025. The primary objective is to conduct a detailed comparison of both systems based on structural, institutional, and economic aspects, while identifying key differences in their operation. The theoretical section provides a comprehensive literature review essential for understanding the context of the practical analysis. The practical part examines the current state of pension systems in both countries, reflecting the legislative framework and demographic situation in 2025. Through comparative analysis, parameters such as the statutory retirement age, pillar structure, demographic factors, and the level of equality are evaluated. The research findings indicate that the Danish system, characterized by its multi-pillar structure and automatic indexation of the retirement age, exhibits a higher degree of long-term financial sustainability. Conversely, the Czech system, based on a robust pay-as-you-go pillar and a high level of redistribution, achieves superior results in gender equality and the protection of the oldest seniors against the risk of poverty. The thesis includes an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of both models using a SWOT analysis and formulates economic policy recommendations for the Czech Republic. The established hypothesis, which assumed a higher degree of both sustainability and equality in the Danish system, was only partially confirmed, as the Czech system dominates in indicators of social equality.