Měnová politika Ruské federace a její vliv na podnikatelskou sféru

This bachelor’s thesis analyzes the monetary policy of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation during the period 2014–2024 and evaluates its impact on the macroeconomic environment and the business sector. The aim of the thesis is to assess how monetary policy measures influenced the development of key economic indicators and the operating conditions of the business sector during different phases of the economic cycle. The theoretical part defines the concept of monetary policy, analyzes the role and independence of the central bank, characterizes the main objectives, strategies, and instruments of monetary policy, and examines the transmission mechanism, including its channels and time lags. The practical part applies descriptive and comparative analysis of secondary data and focuses on three groups of indicators: macroeconomic, financial, and business-related. The results of the analysis show that the Central Bank of the Russian Federation demonstrated the ability to combine a restrictive key interest rate policy with targeted liquidity easing through repo operations and adjustments of required reserves, thereby mitigating negative effects on the real economy and limiting volatility in the business environment. The analysis also confirmed that, over the period studied, monetary policy was more effective in stabilizing the financial system and inflation dynamics than in sustainably improving real economic performance and fostering business sector growth.