Dopady umělé inteligence na pracovní migraci: srovnání Česka a Německa

This bachelor thesis examines the impacts of artificial intelligence on labour migration through a comparison of the sectoral position of foreign and domestic workers in Czechia and Germany. The thesis is based on the assumption that the effects of AI on the labour market do not have to appear only through the direct replacement of jobs, but also through the unequal participation of different groups of workers in sectors where enterprises use AI to a greater or lesser extent. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether foreign and domestic workers in both countries differ in terms of their sectoral exposure to AI use in enterprises. To achieve this aim, the thesis uses an AI exposure index that combines the share of workers from each group employed in individual sectors with the share of enterprises using at least one AI technology. The research follows a descriptive comparative approach and is based on publicly available sectoral data. The results show that foreign workers had lower sectoral exposure to AI than domestic workers in both Czechia and Germany during the observed period. This difference was more pronounced in Germany than in Czechia. The main reason was the higher concentration of foreign workers in sectors with lower or medium levels of AI use, such as accommodation and food service activities, transportation and storage, and construction. The thesis therefore shows that one possible impact of AI on labour migration may lie in the unequal connection of foreign and domestic workers to more technologically intensive parts of the labour market.