Účetní zobrazení přeměn v novém zákoně o účetnictví

This thesis analyses how the new Accounting Act addresses historical shortcomings in the accounting treatment of business entity transformations. The thesis combines a theoretical and comparative analysis of the existing and new legal frameworks with case studies of three typologically distinct mergers. A key finding is that the new legislation successfully eliminates accounting effects without economic justification—particularly the artificial inflation of equity through intra-group revaluations. It introduces a distinction between transactions with a market-based nature (completion mergers) and those without (intra-group transformations), thereby aligning with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and protecting creditors. However, case studies (ČD Bus, Roudnice Hospital, RPC) reveal that the new regulations transform rather than eliminate ambiguities: instead of ambiguities regarding valuation, ambiguities regarding the classification of transactions arise. Five critical gaps remain: the absence of an objective market substance test, the unregulated treatment of historical goodwill, the lack of deferred tax provisions, a loss of information in transactions without market substance, and problems with the enforceability of disclosure requirements. The conclusion confirms that the successful application of the new law will depend on the issuance of interpretive guidelines and the consistent enforcement of transparency.