Motivační faktory a bariéry pravidelného samovyšetření prsu u mladých žen

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the Czech Republic. While a system of universal mammography screening is in place for women over 45, younger women are not included in this program, and prevention depends primarily on their own initiative in the form of regular breast self-exams or ultrasound examinations. This thesis focused on identifying the barriers and motivational factors that influence the regular performance of breast self-examinations among women aged 25–35 and on formulating recommendations to promote preventive behavior in this age group. To achieve these objectives, qualitative research was conducted using semi-structured in-depth interviews. The research sample consisted of 12 women from the target group. The study was supplemented by two expert interviews with representatives from the patient organization Bellis and the educational organization Loono. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that the low frequency of breast self-examination stems from a combination of low perceived susceptibility to the disease, uncertainty regarding the correct technique and interpretation of findings, the lack of a regular habit, and insufficient involvement of gynecologists in education about breast self-examination. The most significant motivating factor was personal experience with the disease among close acquaintances. In terms of practical interventions, however, active guidance from the gynecologist and support for healthy habits proved to be more effective. Based on these findings, recommendations were formulated that include strengthening the gynecologist’s educational role, utilizing digital tools to support habit formation, normalizing the topic in the public sphere, and selecting an authentic, age-appropriate communicator in combination with evidence-based content.