Role stablecoinů ve světové ekonomice se zaměřením na dominanci amerického dolaru

This diploma thesis deals with the role of stablecoins in the global economy, focusing on the causes and consequences of US dollar dominance in this digital sector. The first part of the thesis addresses the theoretical foundations, defines the concept of a stablecoin, and describes the history of its emergence. Further, it presents the typology of stablecoins based on their operating mechanisms and collateralization. The second part deals with a market overview, the functions of stablecoins as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account, and compares regulatory approaches in the European Union and the USA, specifically the MiCA regulation and the GENIUS Act. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis of US dollar dominance itself, identifying factors such as liquidity, network externalities, or institutional support, and examines the discrepancy between the dollar's position in the fiat world and the stablecoin market. The main goal of this thesis is to determine the causes of US dollar dominance in the stablecoin industry and to identify the motivations of users for preferring stablecoins pegged specifically to the dollar. The thesis also aims to understand to what extent this preference is a result of user habits (lock-in effect), or whether there are other reasons for preferring the USD over the EUR or local currencies.