Genderová rovnost na trhu práce v ČR a vybraných evropských zemích: Kvalitativní srovnání přístupů a vývoje 2015–2025

Gender equality is a current issue of the labour market. Ensuring equal opportunities is in line with the pursuit of macroeconomic optimization. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the level of gender equality on the labour markets in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Denmark between 2015 and 2025, to identify the mechanisms that lead to differences between the selected countries, and to propose recommendations for the Czech Republic leading to a potential improvement in this area, based on the inspiration of proven measures positively influencing gender equality on the German and Danish markets. The thesis first defines the key factors of gender equality, according to which its level is derived. Comparative analysis of data on employment, gender pay gap, education, and family care is supplemented by the perspective of the Gender Equality Index. A view of the relationship of economic entities on the topic of gender equality is provided by the analysis of a survey conducted by Ipsos. Finally, recommendations that emerged from the previous analysis are presented. The weaknesses of the Czech labour market lie in the lack of flexibility, leading to the low popularity of part-time jobs, which would address the cultural tendencies of the Czech population to define the role of women as caregivers and the role of men as breadwinners. After the successful implementation of the tax benefit for part-time jobs in 2023, following the example of Germany, the work proposes a further step inspired by the Danish "flexicurity" system. Against the found cultural rigidity in the field of politics, the implementation of quotas is proposed, focused strictly on candidacy, not on direct delegation of mandate. With the implementation of these measures, it is expected that the current cultural barriers will gradually be broken down and the Czech labour market will move closer to the European standard of gender equality.