Migrace jako nástroj řešení demografické krize - na příkladu Německa a Itálie

The master’s thesis examines the role of migration in the context of labour shortages caused by demographic ageing. The aim of the thesis is to determine to what extent migration can contribute to compensating for this shortage, using the examples of Germany and Italy. At the same time, it assesses how the structure of migrant population and the institutional setting of the labour market influence the extent of this contribution. The thesis is based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches and draws on relevant statistical data. Attention is focused on the development of the labour force and the position of migrants in the labour market in relation to the needs of individual economies. The findings show that the ability of migration to mitigate labour shortages depends primarily on the composition of migration flows and the extent to which migrants are integrated into the labour market. In Germany, migration contributes to the stabilisation of the labour force due to higher levels of migrant participation and more effective use of their qualifications. In Italy, this effect remains limited, as a mismatch persists between the structure of migrant population and the needs of the economy, while the labour potential of migrants remains partially underutilised. Migration therefore helps to mitigate the effects of demographic ageing, but it is not sufficient on its own to offset this trend.