Dynamika sankčních režimů: srovnání sankcí EU ve vztahu k Íránu a Sýrii

This thesis analyzes the dynamics of EU sanctions regimes against Iran and Syria and their relationship to UN Security Council sanctions decisions, using an analytical framework that bridges international regime theory (Krasner, 1982; Young, 1982) with sanctions research. The framework identifies four dimensions of dynamics — intensity of measures, scope of the regime, institutional configuration, and legal framework — and three categories of factors conditioning them: political-security, institutional, and external. The empirical analysis draws on a time-disaggregated dataset capturing individual changes across five sanctions regimes throughout their entire existence up to 2023. The comparison reveals three qualitatively distinct types of dynamics: cyclical (alternating escalation and de-escalation in the Iran nuclear regime), cumulative (monotonic accumulation of measures in the EU regime against Syria), and latent (rapid institutionalization followed by stagnation in the Hariri-related regime). The thesis demonstrates that the type of dynamics is not determined by individual factors but by specific constellations of factors across all three categories, and that the presence of the UN in a sanctions regime constitutes a qualitative rather than quantitative variable, expanding the range of dimensions in which the regime can evolve. The findings shift the analysis of sanctions from the question "do sanctions work?" toward "what developmental trajectory do sanctions assume under given conditions, and why?".