Dopady sankcí a protisankcí na ruské podniky

The diploma thesis is devoted to sanctions against the Russian Federation, Russian counter-sanctions against countries that have declared sanctions and the impact of all these measures on Russian companies. The main goal of the thesis is to determine the effects of economic sanctions and counter-sanctions on the largest companies in the Russian Federation, using literary research and its own secondary and primary research. The quantification of the impact of sanctions on Russia is relatively difficult. Estimates range widely, from EUR 9 billion to EUR 44.5 billion. The announcement of sanctions had a negative impact on selected sectors of the Russian economy - especially oil companies and banks. But Russia has managed to strengthen its self-sufficiency in staple foods. The clear impact of Russian counter-sanctions is a significant rise in the price level in the economy and sometimes a three-hundred percent increase in the price of selected foods. In fact, the research showed that the impact of sanctions and counter-sanctions on large Russian companies was not significant. However, sanctions have made trading more difficult and forced companies to change their internal processes. It was pointed out that the sanctions imposed by the EU, the USA and other states had a far greater impact on the performance of Russian companies than the sanctions imposed by Russia. The introduction of restrictions on borrowing funds had an absolutely immediate impact on the activities of companies. At the same time, it was a matter of providing long-term loans, which are the basis for the investment activities of both banks and mining companies. As a result, Russian companies have been forced to reduce their investment projects. As part of the long-term impact on Russian mining companies, it is necessary to point out the main long-term nature of sanctions - thanks to restrictions on access to Western technologies, new oil wells become at least more expensive or even impossible to use. It must be acknowledged that the sanctions against Russian oil companies were set in an appropriate way so that they could not cause oil prices to rise. There was no significant upward pressure on oil prices on the world market. The situation is much better with financial companies. The results of the evaluation of the impact on selected Russian companies using a secondary analysis showed that banks in Russia were able to reorient themselves relatively quickly to their domestic market and strengthen the role of Russian households as the main source of financing.