Stárnutí populace v oblasti Skandinávie

Demographic ageing is a long-standing phenomenon. It gained prominence in the early 20th century when ageing began to be perceived as a society-wide phenomenon affecting national budgets and affecting many economic and demographic factors. The topic of this bachelor thesis is a closer look at the situation of ageing in the Scandinavian region with the involvement of the Scandinavian welfare state. The increase in the number of people of retirement age must be seen as a complex problem, the trend of which can be monitored over the long term with data and relevant indicators. The individual pension systems, which are directly linked to population ageing, have different forms and principles and need to be adapted to the ageing trend. This is the only way to maintain the welfare state and meet the needs of the elderly at a decent level. The Scandinavian model is often regarded as a very functional social system that is efficient and offers a high standard of living. But is it so different and exceptional that it will be able to cope with a future increase in the post-retirement population? This paper emphasises demographic indicators associated with ageing, actively tries to outline the future evolution of the age distribution of the population and tries to prove the negative impact on pension and social systems. The population policy and welfare state under which the Scandinavian model operates influence the degree of impact. These areas include Norway, Sweden, and Denmark due to the most significant demographic, geographical and historical similarities. Scandinavia, which is generally a highly developed region with an above-average standard of living and a very long life expectancy, is, therefore, like the rest of Europe, facing a growing elderly population and a growing post-retirement population. But do they have a better guarantee of the sustainability of their pension systems and the welfare state? Or are they sliding into a similar situation as the Czech Republic and the rest of Europe? This bachelor thesis aims to describe and compare the development of ageing through demographic indicators, assess the effectiveness and intensity of the social support provided in selected Scandinavian countries, and outline future challenges for the Scandinavian welfare state system. Last but not least, to compare the system with the Czech one and to suggest possible inspiration from the Nordic countries.