Komparace vybraných opatření regulační politiky federální vlády v kontextu prvního a druhého ropného šoku

This bachelor's thesis compares selected regulations of the United States federal government in the context of the first and second oil shocks. To this end, the hypothesis tested was: Strict regulations were imposed in the U.S. as a result of the first oil shock, and the second oil shock was more likely to see the removal of these regulations. In the context of testing the validity of the hypothesis, the following research questions were sought to be answered: How was US energy security and independence improving? To which oil shock did the federal government respond better? Which oil shock had worse effects on the economy? The oil shocks of the 1970s forced the presidents of the time to implement various measures to mitigate the effects of oil shocks on the economy. The reactions of the various presidents are very interesting, especially given their political affiliations. The paper describes the impact of the various regulations and deregulations on the economic development of the United States. It also examines the individual measures, how they work and whether they meet their stated objectives. The effects of the measures are analysed using a number of indicators. These include, for example, the consumption of oil in the United States, the production and import of oil and petroleum products into the United States, and expenditures on personal consumption of fuel oil and other fuels. Finally, the paper focuses on U.S. energy security and independence. The latter is discussed using indicators of the U.S. energy mix, net oil imports, and oil imports from individual countries. Emphasis is also placed on alternative energy sources, which America focused on in the late 1970s in order to achieve greater energy self-sufficiency. The hypothesis is confirmed in the course of the paper and the research questions are answered. The second oil shock had worse effects on the economy, it affected economic indicators more, but the federal government responded better and faster due to its experience, properly targeted monetary policy and deregulations. The energy security of the United States began to improve in the immediate aftermath of the oil crises, but it took decades for the United States to become relatively fully energy self-sufficient.