Analýza ekonomických dopadů snižování podílu automobilů s konvenčními motory a jejich nahrazování elektromobily v České republice v souvislosti se záměry Evropské unie do roku 2050

The thesis examines economic impacts of reducing car shares with conventional engines and their replacement with electric vehicles in the Czech Republic in the context of the European Union's 2050 targets. The European Union has long been putting pressure on automobile manufacturers by tightening the average carbon dioxide emission standards for the fleet of newly manufactured vehicles, and, in addition, it regulates other exhaust and particulate emissions with Euro standards. This works as an attempt to reduce the impact of global warming. The mentioned emission limits are regularly tightened in order to limit the overall greenhouse gas emissions from road transport. As part of the objectives of the European Green Deal, the EU wants to achieve the final goal of zero net greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Within the legislative package called Fit for 55, which is a part of the European Green Deal, the EU proposes a sequence of steps to be achieved if the final target must be met. However, the package is still in the EU's legislative approval process. If approved, it would mean a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions for the road transport sector to zero grams of carbon dioxide per kilometer for newly manufactured passenger cars and light commercial vehicles within the EU. This would in practice mean a ban on the production of internal combustion vehicles in these categories. The paper analyses the economic impact of this measure in the context of the current fleet structure and charging infrastructure in the Czech Republic. The automotive industry is an important pillar of the national economy. Reducing the share of conventional vehicles and replacing them with electric ones will have significant economic impacts, such as effects on basic macroeconomic indicators (mainly GDP, balance of payments and unemployment), the income and expenditure side of public finances, education, energy sector and households.