Technologické sankce v sankčních vztazích mezi mezi Ruskem a Evropskou unií

The thesis has a relevant topic concerning technological sanctions in the context of the EU-Russia sanctions regime in the period 2014-2022. It summarizes the knowledge about sanctions in general - their objectives and types. It then discusses the definition of technological sanctions and describes two well-known cases - technological sanctions regimes against Iran and North Korea. The aim of the paper is to characterize technological sanctions and detect the different groups of them in the EU and Russian regimes in the period 2014-2022. These groups are formulated in the process of analysis. The analysis is based on a content analysis of EU legal acts and Russian countermeasures. The analyzed data for the EU legal acts are taken from EUR-Lex, which is the official website and database of EU law. The search for technological sanctions is performed based on keyword searches. The analysis of most of the Russian countermeasures is simply based on statements made by Russian Foreign Ministry officials in the media, as there is no public database of Russian countermeasures. Some measures are taken from federal laws or decisions of the Government of the Russian Federation. The paper also includes examples of sanctions in practice and the presumed reasons for their imposition from both sides, but does not set out to identify or define these reasons.