Kurdská otázka v kontextu ideologického soupeření ve válce v Sýrii

The Kurds are the largest ethnic group without their own independent state. This nation is very specific, as it is located in an area where there are many linguistically and religiously distinct ethnicities whose claim to the given territories is historical. In the history of the claimed territories, there have been many disputes between different ethnicities, as well as their association within national or religious states, which often meant the overlap of many ethnicities on a single territory. As part of colonialism, this nation experienced the spread of Islam by the Arabs and the domination of other numerous empires, such as the Seljuk and Ottoman Empires, and after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, they became residents of several countries, mainly Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran. However, this ethnicity is not uniform or settled, it even forms a linguistic continuum that cannot be defined geographically in any way precisely by borders according to states, regions, or in other ways. For a long time, this nation has been accompanied by various demands for self-determination, which were often denied to them, and this often resulted in violent separatist tendencies. These were suppressed within internationally recognized states, and in the shadow of the growing dynamics of international relations connected here with regional conflicts, it is still more and more the case today. After the Kurds gained autonomy in Iraq, which was helped by the country's instability among other things, this opportunity also arose for the Syrian Kurds, who thus achieved autonomy in a part of the territory. However, it has become difficult to achieve any kind of stability or recognition in this war-torn country, both due to the oppression of the Syrian regime and the numerous terrorist attacks in the country, all in the shadow of intervention by regional and world powers. The aim of this thesis will be to identify the Kurdish identity and their claim for self-determination based on ideologies and practices in the war in Syria. What are the mutual relations of Kurdish groups in Syria? What are the possible consequences of the Syrian Kurds' relations with the most important powers operating in the region? And what are the possible consequences of these powers' relations with the Kurds?