Využití nových technologií na trzích práce v reakci na demografické stárnutí v Japonsku a ČR

This master thesis examines emerging technologies, namely artificial intelligence, robotics and the Internet of Things, and the possibilities of their use in solving the problems associated with demographic ageing. The thesis focuses primarily on the area of labour markets and the related potential for technologies to replace human labour or to make it more efficient. In the first chapter, the thesis presents the background and data on population ageing as a phenomenon and selected new technologies. The second chapter provides a general analysis of the potential of the selected technologies in relation to replacing human labour and, on the other hand, increasing its efficiency. In the third chapter, a comparative study of Japan and the Czech Republic is carried out. The author comes to the conclusion that in both countries there is a strong presence of sectors in terms of total employment in which it is not possible to make clear and general predictions about their future evolution in terms of the development of emerging technologies. In Japan, however, compared to the Czech Republic, there is a relatively higher representation of sectors where strong potential of technology has been identified in terms of increasing human labour efficiency. The analysis of employment of the elderly people shows that the development of technology is likely to lead to a wider participation of the elderly in the manufacturing sector, where the physical demands are currently the main limiting factor for them. The recommendation for both countries is to develop educational systems across the entire society, as the possession of the necessary skills is essential to effectively exploit the potential of emerging technologies. It is possible to build on the conclusions of this work in works devoted to the issue of the sustainability of pension systems, for example in the context of taxation of work carried out by the technology.