Komparace privatizačního procesu v ČR a v Rusku

This bachelor thesis examines the issue of privatization in the context of economic transformation in the Czech Republic and Russia, two countries of the former Eastern Bloc. The author analyzes privatization processes in both countries and compares their effectiveness and transparency. The thesis focuses on representative companies in each country and meticulously examines the process of transferring ownership to private hands, identifying the shares of individual owners. Furthermore, it evaluates the impacts of privatization on these companies and assesses the positive and negative aspects of this process. The theoretical part of the thesis includes a general description of the transition from centrally planned economies to market economies, encompassing the decentralization of state power to lower administrative bodies, deregulation of centrally planned mechanisms, liberalization of prices, foreign trade, and free movement of capital, goods, and services. Subsequently, the political developments in both countries after the dissolution of the Soviet Union are outlined. The structure of the thesis systematically examines and analyzes key transformation factors in the Czech Republic and Russia, with an emphasis on privatization. The Czech Republic is evaluated more positively in comparison to Russia, due to the subsequent utilization of auction revenues and overall privatization to finance healthcare, education, and other innovations. In Russian privatization, there was a rise in the power of oligarchs who subsequently used their wealth to influence media and political parties. Concrete examples, such as the transfer of Škoda Mladá Boleslav to the ownership of the VW Group and the retention of Gazprom in state ownership, illustrate the differences in approaches to privatization and their impact on the economies and politics of both countries. The state entity Škoda Mladá Boleslav transitioned to full ownership by the private conglomerate VW Group in 2000, whereas the Russian gas giant remained in state ownership. Thanks to the sale to foreign ownership, Škoda modernized production quality control, achieved technological progress, paid off substantial debt, and increased automobile production. The Russian government retained major shares in Gazprom due to the strengthening of authority following Putin's assumption of the presidency, enhancing the country's energy security and ensuring stable natural gas supply.