Interwar Industrial Business Regulation in the USA and Italy. Codes and Corporativism - Comparison of the First New Deal with the Model of Fascist Italy

I am comparing the economic-political measures of the government to rearrange the conditions in the business under the NIRA with the analogous measures taken in fascist Italy in this paper. The object of this comparison it is both the procedure of creation, the content and administration of the codes of fair competition and the syndical, resp. corporate structure. Since the American business arrangement was substantially different in its role, as well as in its conrete form from that ot Italy, the particular institutions to be compared are not entirely equivelent at every point. The Italian corporativist model is based on institutionalizing of collective bargaining, that is on organizing of labor relations, while the codes of fair competition are the employers' organizations in the particular industries, primarily, i. e. institutions of business activity coordination. In spite of that labor provisions are a part of the codes, too, similarly as production coordinating bodies exist within the corporativist system. Comparing the codes with the syndical associations I, then, compare institutions endowed with fundamentaly different objectives. Nontheless, the production coordination and labor relations questions, though differing in the particular systems as to their importance, are quite equivalent for the purpose of comparison, and therefore comparable.