LEGAL BACKGROUND AND THE ECONOMIC-POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK LAND REFORM IMPLEMENTED IN THE YEARS 1918-1929

The bachelor thesis deals with the land reform in the period after the establishment of the independent Czechoslovak Republic between 1918 and 1929. The text focuses specifically on the analysis of the land reform, from the aspect of legislative, national and national. The author considers the motives of individual political parties of that time and their ideas about the goals, form, and methods of reform that the parties have promoted. One of the conclusions that emerged from the work on the topic is the fact that the reform in their direction, mainly under the direction of the Agrarian Party, was despite the electoral potential of the rural population in particular as a strong political instrument for consolidating positions in the party structure of the young state. As part of the political argumentation, the political parties used two justifications: the first was in the form of satisfaction of the so-called hunger for a land when there was a still uneven distribution of land holdings at the beginning of the state. One-third of it owned a handful of mostly German and Austrian noble families. Consequently, the reform was carried out in a second spirit, in the in the auspices of the confiscations after White mountain battle, when the reform was to bring about the correction of the wrongs committed in our nation. Another objective was to improve the economic situation of the agricultural sector through the abolition of aristocratic and ecclesiastical lati fundies and landowners, with the land being divided in favor of small farmers and landless people. By 1930, approximately 30% of the state's territory had been reformed. About half of this was redistributed among the new owners, but much of it remained nobility, so satisfaction with the above-mentioned hunger for a land was incomplete. But the other targets were partly met. There has been a significant increase in small cooperatives, which has become the most effective in supplying food in the course of years. The latter, on the contrary, collapsed or survived to the detriment of loans from the State Land Office Fund, which had so indebted to the state for several years to come. Despite the shortcomings in the laws and other standards defined by the land reform in the period under review, the reform objectives were partially met, so the land reform in Czechoslovakia implemented in the 1920s can be regarded as one of the most successful and international comparisons.