History and Development of Artificial Inteligence

This work describes relatively short history of the field of Artificial Intelligence. It contains main obstacles and challenges, which scientists in the past and present solved and still have to solve, as well as a description of methods how to deal with those challenges and which possibilities are there for the future development of the field. The main focus of the work was not to present a full picture of the field of Artificial Intelligence, but to introduce this interesting field, its founders and nowadays scientists, main problems and related disciplines of science. The work is divided into chapters describing the history of the field artificial intelligence in the last century and related fields of informatics, biology, psychology, economy and hardware technology. Next chapter presents to the reader the main problems of the field, which were and still are being solved in the top research and development laboratories in the world. Next two chapters introduce two approaches to dealing with said problems, namely neural networks and evolutional algorithms and expert systems as an example of the oldest application of Artificial Intelligence in "Good Old-fashioned Artificial Intelligence" way as defined by John Haugeland. The last chapter is just an outline how the next few years in the filed may look like and what can we await in the next years.