ANALÝZA VÝVOJE ČESKÉHO BANKOVNÍHO TRHU OD ROKU 1993 S OHLEDEM NA KONDICI A VÝKONNOST BANKOVNÍHO SYSTÉMU A VYBRANÝCH BANKOVNÍCH DOMŮ

The work deals with the development of the banking sector in the territory of today's Czech Republic. The work describes the environment that prevailed in our country after the Velvet Revolution of 1989. It also describes the privatization of banks and their subsequent sale into foreign hands. In addition, it deals with the genesis of selected banks that operate on the Czech market and a closer description of the observed values in the practical part. In our case, these are values of ROAA, ROAE, capital adequacy, liabilities to clients (deposits) and receivables from clients (volume of loans granted). In the practical part of the work, it analyzes the numerical data mentioned above, using various statistical or mathematical functions for certain purposes. We can consider sum and average as these functions. In addition, the work also uses the addition and subtraction of selected data for the given years. Furthermore, the practical part of the work deals with the developmentet of the rating awarded to the Czech Republic and individual banks. The work uses the rating of the three largest agencies Moody's, Standard and Poor's and Fitch. The third named is generally considered to be the smallest company of the given trio and has rather the function of an arbitrator between the two previously named. The work will affect other rating agencies to a very limited extent. Working on these hard data confirms the hypothesis that the macroeconomics of the Czech Republic has a long-term positive trend, despite the recession that it has faced. Even so we can mention its banking sector as stable and robust enough for market fluctuations and crises which, among other things, was demonstrated during the financial crisis at the end of the first decade of the 2000s. The fall of Sberbank can be considered more of an unfortunate and accidental event. Funds were paid to Sberbank clients through the financial market guarantee fund. The healthy portion of Sberbank's loans (in the nominal portfolio value of CZK 47 billion) was bought by Česká spořitelna for CZK 41 billion. This is a business that has no parallels in the domestic banking sector in recent years. The work also describes the observed values of ROAA, ROAE, capital adequacy and other values for Czech banks. In the selected years 2011 to 2019 are used statistical methods to compare the values of the largest Czech threesome with selected foreign countries. In ROAE values, the Czech Republic is the absolute winner, in ROAA values, Slovakia is the absolute winner, with the Czech Republic right behind it. In terms of capital adequacy, the Czech Republic is exactly on average, with a specific value of 17.4 %. The rating area of all three agencies describes a positive trend in the development of the credibility of the Czech Republic and its banking industry. In the end, it speculates about the fairness of granting a higher rating to Western countries and theorizes about the possibility of buying back the highly profitable banks of the big threesome, ČS, ČSOB and KB, back into Czech ownership.