This paper focuses on the examination of monetary aspects in selected countries with respect to their geographical and demographic conditions. The selected monetary aspects are exchange rate systems, national or common currency, and the nature of monetary policy. The impact of monetary aspects is analyzed by looking at the evolution of macroeconomic indicators, namely inflation rates, unemployment, and GDP per capita, complemented by the evolution of national exchange rates over the time period ... show full abstractThis paper focuses on the examination of monetary aspects in selected countries with respect to their geographical and demographic conditions. The selected monetary aspects are exchange rate systems, national or common currency, and the nature of monetary policy. The impact of monetary aspects is analyzed by looking at the evolution of macroeconomic indicators, namely inflation rates, unemployment, and GDP per capita, complemented by the evolution of national exchange rates over the time period 2006-2021. The euro area countries (the Netherlands, Portugal as well as Ireland) showed different responses to external shocks, average GDP per capita and average inflation and unemployment rates over the period studied. Non-euro area countries, namely Hungary and Bulgaria, show more volatility in the indicators. Denmark, which is not part of the euro area and applies a fixed exchange rate system, has indicators comparable to those of the Netherlands. Portugal and Ireland, show similar inflation rates but significant differences in the demographic structure of the population. |