(De)centralization of the Energy System as an Optimization Problem

This bachelor thesis focuses on finding the optimal energy mix in the Czech Republic as a replacement for current coal power plants, whose operation should cease by 2038. The theoretical part introduces the current energy situation in the Czech Republic and briefly evaluates the potential of various types of power plants for the future. Readers will also become familiar with the main analysis methods, including cluster analysis and linear programming, which are utilized in the thesis. In the practical part, cluster analysis was conducted for individual types of power plants and heating plants based on their installed capacity, followed by the selection of representative power plants or heating plants from each group. Data on construction costs, operation, revenues, lifespan, and other parameters were obtained for these selected units. Based on this data, an optimization problem was formulated to maximize the return on potentially new electricity and heat production facilities. The result was the number of different types of power plants and heating plants that could be used to replace the missing sources of electricity and heat after 2038. After obtaining this optimal number of resources, attention was focused on their ideal distribution in the Czech Republic to closely match the volume of electricity and heat outage from coal power plants in individual regions. Again, an optimization problem was used, resulting in the ideal numbers of power plants and heating facilities in the regions.