Impact of sanctions against Russia on the energy diplomacy of Azerbaijan

This thesis explores the dynamic evolution of Azerbaijan's energy diplomacy in response to Western sanctions imposed on Russia following its 2022 invasion of Ukraine. These sanctions significantly disrupted global energy markets, prompting European nations to reduce reliance on Russian energy and seek alternative suppliers. Positioned at the crossroads of Europe and Asia and rich in energy resources, Azerbaijan emerged as a significant player in the new geopolitical landscape. Utilizing the concept of multi-vector diplomacy, the study examines how Azerbaijan has balanced relationships with global powers, particularly the European Union, Russia, and regional actors, without committing to a singular alliance. The research employs a qualitative methodology to investigate the country’s strategic infrastructure projects, such as the Southern Gas Corridor, its renewed partnerships with the EU, and its cautious engagement with Russia. The findings highlight how Azerbaijan has leveraged this geopolitical shift to enhance its energy exports, attract foreign investment, and strengthen its role as a reliable energy partner while maintaining its strategic autonomy. This work contributes to broader discussions on energy security, international relations, and the role of small states in navigating complex geopolitical environments.