The Use of Gamification in Mobile Applications for Mental Health Support

This thesis explores the use of gamification in mobile applications designed to support mental health. Given the growing importance of digital tools in mental wellbeing care and the current challenges associated with low levels of long-term user engagement, the thesis focuses on analysing the potential of gamification to increase motivation and adherence. The aim of the thesis is to explore current implementations of gamification, identify key principles for its effective and ethical use in a sensitive mental health context, and design a prototype application that applies these principles. The thesis uses a qualitative research approach, involving expert analysis of six existing apps (SuperBetter, VOS.health, How We Feel, Happify, Calm, Wysa) using the Octalysis Framework, in-depth interviews with six respondents and subsequent thematic analysis of the data collected. Based on the findings, a working prototype of the ‘Garden Pals’ app was designed and developed using the AI tool v0.dev and validated through user usability testing with six participants. The results show that while gamification is generally perceived positively by users and can promote engagement, its implementation needs to be sensitive and focused on promoting intrinsic motivation, a sense of progress and autonomy, rather than competition or pressure. Empathetic communication, the ability to personalise, clear visualisation of progress and retrospectives, and high quality, pleasing visual design were found to be key factors for a positive user experience. Social elements are welcome but must be optional and provide privacy. The paper formulates recommendations for designers and highlights that thoughtfully designed gamification has the potential to contribute to the utility and long-term use of mental health apps.