The Influence of Political Preferences on Argentina's Economic Policy through Selected Macroeconomic Indicators in 1982–2024

The thesis focuses on comparing the economic development of Argentina between the years 1982‒2024 (in selected stages) based on a relational analysis of the dependencies of the political system in the country with a focus on current events during the first years of the term in office of President Javier Milei, who leads the country according to libertarian ideas. Based on this comparison, the author verified the hypothesis of whether it is possible to improve the economic position of a country that is strongly influenced by left-wing politics, through the implementation of reforms based on the ideas of a free-market economy and the promotion of a minimal role of the state. The theoretical part of the thesis provides a summary of the theoretical foundations of the monitored macroeconomic aggregates and essential characteristics for the Argentine political environment. The practical part of the thesis led to the verification of the partial hypotheses of the thesis. The first partial hypothesis, which assumed a stronger emphasis on a decrease in the inflation rate during the period of the current right-wing-liberal government in Argentina than during periods of left-wing-populist governments, was confirmed with the help of statistical data analysis. The following use of author's own questionnaire survey helped to confirm the second partial hypothesis, namely the existence of a significant difference in inflation expectations between the Argentine and Czech populations, which is conditioned by historical experience with economic instability. The survey also shows that Argentinians, on average, perceive a higher value of the “subjectively understood high inflation rate” than Czechs and Slovaks. The importance of this work is also in contributing to a deeper understanding of the connection between political decisions and economic results in the context of Argentine instability. It also highlights the importance of including the time lag of fiscal and monetary policy in the evaluation of economic performance. At the same time, it indicates the importance of cultural and historical experience in interpreting macroeconomic phenomena. The topic is particularly relevant, especially in contrast with the context of the strengthening of left-wing elements in the formulation of economic policies in Europe in recent years.