Demographic Trends in the EU and Their Economic Implications: A Focus on the Czech Republic

This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of demographic development in the European Union and its economic context with a special focus on the Czech Republic. The thesis identifies key demographic trends such as ageing populations, low fertility rates or overall changes in the age structure and examines their impact on the EU and Czech economies through macroeconomic indicators including GDP, economic activity of the population and social security expenditure. It uses quantitative and qualitative data from Eurostat, the CZSO, the UN and other reputable institutions, which are then analysed and processed using descriptive statistics, mainly in graphs. The results show that demographic change poses serious challenges to economic growth as well as to the stability and sustainability of social systems in the EU. In the Czech context, the effects of demographic ageing are intensifying and, without effective reforms, the pension system risks becoming unsustainable in the long term, which may lead to a collapse of the state budget. The paper also proposes recommendations for economic and social policy to mitigate the negative impacts of demographic trends and promote sustainable development.