The Impact of Reshoring on the Technology Sector in the United States: Labor Market Dynamics and Structural Changes

This thesis examines reshoring in the technology sector of the United States of America and its impact on employment. It is based on the fact that, after decades of relocating production abroad and the increasing fragmentation of global value chains, a production model based primarily on maximizing efficiency began to be reassessed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical tensions, and disruptions to supply chains. The primary aim of the thesis is to assess whether and to what extent reshoring contributes to employment growth in the U.S. technology sector. Its secondary aim is to identify changes in the strategic and investment decisions of key technology companies in the United States. The thesis combines theoretical foundations with a descriptive analysis of data from the Reshoring Initiative and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, supplemented by external validation indicators and case studies of selected companies. The results show that reshoring supports employment in the technology sector, but only partially and with a delay. Its main significance does not lie in the mass creation of jobs, but rather in building domestic production capacities, strengthening the resilience of supply chains, and reducing the strategic vulnerability of the United States. At the same time, the findings confirm that, after 2020, companies have been changing their strategies and increasingly prioritizing supply security, the protection of know-how, and greater control over key parts of the value chain. The thesis therefore concludes that reshoring is a significant structural trend in the U.S. technology sector. Its main contribution is not a return to an earlier model of industrial employment, but rather the restructuring of industry and the strengthening of the country’s long-term competitiveness.