Přímé zahraniční investice a hospodářský růst: Komparativní analýza Thajska a Singapuru (2000–2023)

This thesis aims to identify and compare the distinct patterns through which foreign direct investment (FDI) affects economic growth in Thailand and Singapore. To achieve this objective, the research uses theoretical and empirical approaches, combining analytical methods and two specific case studies. After providing the context of previous theoretical and empirical findings, the thesis analyzes macroeconomic FDI trends from 2000 to 2023, interpreting the results in the context of structural factors, such as sectoral and territorial composition. The specific impacts that significant FDI brings to differently structured economies are then evaluated through two qualitative case studies. The case of Japanese investment in Toyota Motor Thailand (TMT) illustrates an extensive growth model where vast physical supply chains, increased exports, and strong backward linkages serve as the primary channels for technology and knowledge transfer. The macroeconomic significance of this investment is confirmed by the fact that TMT controls 34.3% of the domestic market and contributes 3.4% to 4.3% to Thailand's total GDP. This is contrasted with Singapore, a recognized global financial hub, examined through the economic influence of HSBC within the financial sector. The HSBC case represents a model that does not build extensive physical infrastructure, but rather stimulates the economy through intangible linkages, such as financial market deepening, digital innovation, and human capital spillovers.