Přímé zahraniční investice v Kolumbii: analýza determinantů a ekonomických dopadů

This thesis examines foreign direct investment (FDI) in Colombia, focusing on its main determinants and economic impacts over the period 2000–2024. The study aims to identify the macroeconomic and institutional factors that influence FDI inflows and to evaluate how foreign investment affects different sectors of the Colombian economy. The analysis combines a quantitative approach, based on regression analysis using secondary data from the World Bank and other institutional sources, with qualitative discussion of sectoral and policy-related impacts. The empirical results show that political stability is the most significant determinant of FDI inflows in Colombia, while GDP growth and inflation do not show statistically significant effects in the final model. The exchange rate also appears to have a significant relationship with FDI inflows, suggesting that currency depreciation may increase uncertainty for foreign investors. Additional model specifications and a correlation matrix are used to test the robustness of the results and reduce the risk of multicollinearity. The thesis also finds that the impact of FDI in Colombia is uneven across sectors. Extractive industries, particularly mining and petroleum, have historically received a large share of foreign investment, but they generate limited employment and fewer productivity spillovers. In contrast, manufacturing and services tend to provide stronger linkages with the domestic economy, higher employment potential, and greater contribution to long-term development. The findings suggest that attracting FDI is not sufficient by itself; Colombia should focus on improving institutional stability, promoting sectoral diversification, and encouraging investment that supports inclusive and sustainable economic growth.