Komparativní analýza vývoje výdajů českých domácností a makroekonomických ukazatelů mezi lety 2006-2020 v České republice se zvláštním zřetelem na krizová období

The aim of the thesis is to analyse the development of macroeconomic indicators affecting household consumption in the Czech Republic and to analyse the level of consumption expenditures of Czech households between 2006 and 2020. The main objective of the thesis is to compare changes in the consumption behaviour of Czech households during the crisis that started in 2008 and during the pandemic crisis of 2020. The thesis identifies the causes of both crises and tries to find relevant macroeconomic determinants of changes in consumption expenditures. The theoretical section explains basic economic concepts, discusses the concepts of consumption theories of macroeconomics, and offers a survey of recent publications on changes in individuals' consumption behaviour in the context of the pandemic crisis. It draws attention to changes in the future structure of retail and the possible long-lasting effects of the pandemic. One negative effect may be a permanent loss of demand for certain providers, which is described as the phenomenon of the so-called 'zombification' of firms. A positive effect may be an increased demand for better quality goods and higher level of so-called 'green consumption', i.e. buying greener versions of products. Based on the analysis of macroeconomic indicators and their comparison with household consumption expenditure, the practical part assesses GDP, inflation and disposable income as the key determinants of consumption expenditures. On the other hand, it does not consider the developments in unemployment, indebtedness and household savings to be relevant for this matter in the state of the Czech economy. The consumption group of food and accommodation recorded the most significant decline in spending in 2020, followed by recreational and cultural services and clothing and footwear. On the contrary, the food and non-alcoholic beverages and alcoholic beverages groups recorded an increase above expectations. For all of these groups, there is a clear difference in the post-2008 and 2020 trends. The tobacco products group has the highest fluctuation in expenditures, with unclear trends and determinants to changes in expenditures. The thesis also divides the households according to the size of average annual net income. This analysis does not yield unambiguous results.