Socioekonomický model Chile a jeho limity pro rozvoj v době globalizace

This diploma thesis examines the socio-economic model of Chile and its biggest challenges to development in the era of globalization. The main aim of the thesis is to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of Chile's socio-economic model and to propose appropriate reforms that would have a positive impact on its economic growth and increase the competitiveness of the entire economy. The country is often called the Switzerland of Latin America for its macroeconomic equilibrium, low debt levels, well-functioning economy and, until recently, a political stability that was rather rare in its region. However, high levels of income inequality, for which no solution has being found for a long time and which has been a source of social tensions and changes in recent years, are big downside to its prosperity. In many cases, neoliberalism and the privatisation of the health, education and pension systems, whose bases were established during the period of military dictatorship, have been blamed for the high Gini coefficient numbers. However, an often overlooked factor is the structure of the economy, which is insufficiently diversified and highly dependent on income from the mineral and service sectors. An underdeveloped secondary sector results in a lack of jobs in the productive sectors of the economy. Exports with few tradable goods are also behind the decline in the competitiveness of the economy as a whole. Non-economic factors must also be taken into account, as a change of the system is not always in the interest of all actors. Insufficiently progressive tax system, insufficient investment in human capital and innovation, low diversification of the economy and exports, and a low share of SMEs have been identified as key areas that need to be reformed. Economic integration at global level is also essential.