Význam Evropské investiční banky při podpoře investic v zemích Evropské unie

This master's thesis aims to identify the significance of the European Investment Bank (EIB) in supporting investments in European Union countries in the context of transitioning to a green economy. Other specific objectives include explaining the characteristics of the EIB, its financing, its contribution to economic development and transformation in individual member countries. The first chapter focuses on the characteristics of the EIB. EIB is one of the main financial institutions of the EU. The second chapter describes the activities of the EIB. The main activity of the EIB is providing financial resources for projects that help achieve EU goals both within and outside the EU. EIB provides approximately 90% of loans within the EU. The third chapter analyzes the financing of the EIB. The EIB offers a range of banking services, including risk financial and advisory services, which gives it an advantage over other international financial institutions. The EIB specializes in providing long-term loans for capital investments to entities in the private and public sectors, including banks.The fourth chapter focuses on climate and environmental sustainability in the context of the EIB. In 2019, the EIB became the world's first international climate bank. EIB's financing for climate projects in 2022 amounted to 35 billion euros, accounting for 56% of the total financing. The EIB has committed to align its financial activities with the goals of the Paris Agreement. Green economy is also an important aspect of EIB's strategic plan for the period 2021-2025, where EIB has set a target to allocate at least 50% of its financing to projects with high potential for sustainable development goals and climate change mitigation by 2025. EIB aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030. EIB also supports the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. In late 2021, EIB ceased financing projects using fossil fuels. EIB was the first bank to issue green bonds, which were first issued in 2007. Green bonds are purchased by various investors. In 2018, EIB issued sustainability bonds. From 2007 to 2022, the total issuance of green and sustainability bonds reached 70.02 billion euros, making EIB the largest multinational bank issuer of green and sustainability bonds. The issuance of green and sustainability bonds increased from 0.6% in 2007 to nearly 20% in 2022.