Energetická bilance ČR v období před krizovým rokem 2022

The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to assess the energy self-sufficiency of the Czech Republic during the period 2014-2021 in relation to key energy commodities of today: electricity, natural gas, and oil. The thesis also examines the question of the Czech Republic's readiness for the risk of an exogenous shock in the form of the European energy crisis peaking in 2022. The conclusions of the thesis revealed full self-sufficiency in the case of electricity and absolute non-self-sufficiency in the case of natural gas and oil. In the case of electricity, self-sufficiency exceeded 100% in all years. The balance was thus surplus, leading to a net export of electricity abroad - most commonly to Austria and Slovakia. Domestic oil sources covered 1.5% of domestic consumption, making the Czech Republic dependent on imports, primarily from Russia. A similar situation was observed in the case of natural gas, where the self-sufficiency of the Czech Republic was around 2%. The Russian share in natural gas imports to the Czech Republic averaged 98.5% over the years under review. In the area of energy security, shortcomings were identified concerning emergency reserves and diversification, which made the Czech Republic not adequately prepared for a potential crisis. Emergency oil reserves were maintained below the legally required 90 days of net imports between 2017 and 2020. In terms of diversification, the Czech Republic was overly reliant on its main supplier, the Russian Federation. The import dependency on Russia in 2021 reached 25%, by far the most significant value among all countries. This indicator even increased slowly during the analyzed period, which is in direct contradiction to the fundamental axiom of energy security. The overall import dependency of the Czech Republic stood at 40% in 2021, having increased by 10 percentage points over the seven years.