Komparace vývoje penzijního systému Japonska s penzijním systémem ČR v letech 2015-2020

The thesis focuses on the comparison of pension systems in the Czech Republic and Japan. Its objective is to analyze both systems and their mutual comparison. In addition to the analysis of pension systems, the thesis also includes a comparison of key demographic and economic indicators of both countries. This comparison, from the perspective of the pension system, favors the Czech Republic to some extent, as it has a lower proportion of seniors in the population, a higher fertility rate, a lower average lifespan, and significantly lower government debt. From the analysis of the pension systems themselves, it can be inferred that the pension system in the Czech Republic is relatively more robust compared to the Japanese one. The Japanese system is more complex than the Czech one, with different population groups having varying levels of contribution and replacement rates (in contrast, in the Czech Republic, the contribution rate is uniform for everyone). However, it can be generally stated that both contributions and benefits are relatively lower in Japan than in the Czech Republic, which presents an advantage for the local system in terms of sustainability. Another factor contributing to the sustainability of the Japanese system is the MESM mechanism, which automatically adjusts the amount of pension payouts based on demographic trends. The introduction of a similar mechanism could also help support the sustainability of the Czech system, and therefore, it is recommended in the conclusion of the thesis.