Cizí měna v účetnictví

This diploma thesis addresses the issue of functional currency in accounting and analyzes the impact of the amendment to the Accounting Act, which, since 2024, allows entities to keep their accounts in a currency other than the Czech koruna (CZK). The theoretical part compares the approaches of IFRS and Czech legislation regarding the revaluation of foreign currency items and the determination of functional currency. The practical part examines 19 leading export companies in the Czech Republic. The findings indicate that the majority of the analyzed companies continue to use the Czech koruna as both their accounting and functional currency, despite having a significant share of foreign transactions. Only a few selected companies are expected to change their accounting currency. The new legislative provision is perceived as a step toward greater harmonization with IFRS, minimizing distortions in financial statements and enhancing the true and fair view of a company’s performance and financial position. However, broader adoption will depend on further developments in tax regulations, public administration systems, and the creation of clear methodological guidelines and support from governmental and professional institutions.