Migrační politiky a integrace cizinců ve státech jižního křídla EU

The topic of this thesis is the integration policies of Spain, Italy, and Greece. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the approaches of the examined countries to the integration of foreigners, with an emphasis on the socio-economic dimension, and to determine the extent to which their strategies differ or converge, as well as whether they influence the position of third-country nationals in the labor market. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of the countries’ integration programs, long-term strategic frameworks, and materials from institutions responsible for the integration process is used. To assess the position of third-country nationals, selected labor market integration indicators, employment, and its quality are analyzed, with results always compared to the native population. The conclusion of the thesis is that Spain is characterized by a developed, decentralized intercultural model, emphasizing the mutual adaptation of foreigners and society. The Italian integration model is mixed and fragmented: historically, it contains certain intercultural elements, but today it leans toward assimilation through the integration agreement and is short-term oriented. Greece has the least developed integration system of all examined countries, without a dominant model, dependent on international organizations in its implementation, and responding to integration needs on an ad hoc basis. Integration approaches influence the position of third-country nationals only to a limited extent, mainly in the area of education and qualifications. Labor market integration indicators do not correspond with integration policies or their evaluation according to the MIPEX index: third-country nationals are disadvantaged in all examined countries, with this disadvantage being more pronounced in Spain and Greece than in Italy.