Příjmová nerovnost domácností a její vliv na podnikání v Německu v letech 2007-2023

This thesis examines the relationship between income inequality, the redistributive function of social transfers, and business environment stability in Germany over the period 2007–2023. The aim is to analyse whether social transfers, by reducing income inequality, contribute to the stabilisation of aggregate demand and improved business environment predictability. The theoretical framework draws on automatic fiscal stabiliser theory, marginal propensity to consume, and irreversible investment theory. The empirical analysis uses Eurostat, OECD, and Ifo Institute data, applying time-series regression, an autoregressive model, distributed-lag regression, and Granger causality tests. Results show that social transfers produce a measurable redistributive effect averaging 5.11 Gini points, with their stabilising impact on household consumption emerging with a lag of approximately three quarters. A decline in income inequality is significantly associated with improved Ifo Business Expectations but not with the EPU index - indicating that redistribution affects the business environment primarily through the microeconomic channel of domestic consumption stability rather than through aggregate policy uncertainty.