Inflační očekávání domácností a jejich dopad na vývoj inflace v České republice v letech 2021 až 2023

The aim of this paper is to find out how Czech households react to record high inflation in the period between 2021 and 2023, how they change their economic decisions and what short-term inflation expectations they form. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to the theory of inflation expectations, specifically outlining their formation and dynamics, their impact on actual inflation and on households' economic decisions. It also includes a description of the measurement of inflation expectations. In the practical part, a detailed description of the design of the questionnaire survey is given. The respondents are further divided, according to their type of expectations, with a total of 45.91% of the responses rated as rational. Subsequently, the resulting short-term inflation expectations of households were presented, predicting a decline in inflation, but expecting it to be more gradual, in contrast to the CNB forecast. Households' perceptions of inflation turn out to be inaccurate due to the time bias observed in the sample. The primary data obtained were further analysed through contingency tables to establish the relationship between the level of expectations and a certain factor. Statistically significant dependence was found for 6 out of 14 variables. At the end of the practical part, the relationship between inflation expectations and economic decision making is also examined, but here no statistically significant relationship could be found to support or refute the theoretical assumption.