Rare Earth Element (REEs) in international trade

Abstract The global demand for rare earths is expected to see an upward trend. A major concern in the industry is China's monopoly over the supply chain. This thesis focuses on rare earth elements in international trade. The aim is to identify the role of rare earth elements in international trade and point out the current challenges and opportunities. This bachelor's thesis attempts to comprehend past research both at the supply level and at the demand level. The study investigates the specifics of doing business with rare earth elements, globally estimated reserves and the environmental impacts of rare earth mining. To find out the role of rare earth elements in international trade, the position of the two major players in the global REEs industry: China and the United States, has been studied. This thesis indicates that to secure the supply and reduce the world's reliance on Chinese rare-earth metals, the top importers should concentrate more on projects outside of China. Plus, more research should be done on huge estimated reserves, business model innovation, and REEs recycling technology innovation.