Economic and Social Impacts of Immigration in Selected Countries – Republic of Austria and Federal Republic of Germany in the Years 2012–2022

The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to assess the economic and sociopolitical impacts of third-country nationals' immigration to Austria and Germany between 2012 and 2022. The thesis examines the partial impacts of immigration on pivotal areas of these countries, characterized by relatively open migration policies. The theoretical section provides a comprehensive overview of migration terminology and elucidates various factors driving migration. Subsequently, the thesis delves deeper into analyzing the structure of third-country nationals' migration to these countries, which, in its different aspects, differs from the traditional European intra-member state migration. The practical part uncovers several obstacles and challenges regarding the integration of third-country nationals. A significant finding of this section is the identification of notable differences between immigrants and domestic citizens of these target countries concerning educational attainment structures and labor market integration. Consequently, this phenomenon creates further obstacles for future development, thereby labeling specific immigration types as undesirable Based on research findings in the concluding chapters, it emerges that the overall long-term economic impacts are inconclusive due primarily to insufficient data on economic returns from migration (tax revenues, social contributions). Nevertheless, in the short to medium term, both countries' allocated expenditure from state budgets is increasing. Despite political efforts toward successful refugee integration, the impacts on state budgets and the social sphere are predominantly negative.